DISEASES
description
Type 1 diabetes (T1D), once known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy. T1D is considered an autoimmune disease and hence autoantibody tests are occasionally used to help confirm the diagnosis and also determine some complications and side effects for the disease.
The detection of autoantibodies against anti‐Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) is found in 70%-90% of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The presence of anti-GAD antibodies gives a high predictive value for the patient to develop type 1 diabetes.
Symptoms
- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Bed-wetting in children who previously didn’t wet the bed during the night
- Extreme hunger
- Unintended weight loss
- Irritability and other mood changes
- Fatigue and weakness
- Blurred vision
Relevant Dx Tests
description
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have significantly lower blood uromodulin concentrations than non-diabetics. Hence; below normal ranges of uromodulin can alert the clinician to possible emerging T2DM or other kidney diseases. Decreased uromodulin levels is possibly a sign of kidney function reduction.
Symptoms
- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Increased hunger
- Unintended weight loss
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Slow-healing sores
- Frequent infections
- Areas of darkened skin, usually in the armpits and neck